More Exploration
After installing tools for PAs, it is time to explore GNU/Linux again! Here is a small tutorial for GNU/Linux written by jyy. If you are new to GNU/Linux, read the tutorial carefully, and most important, try every command mentioned in the tutorial. Remember, you can not learn anything by only reading the tutorial. Besides, 鸟哥的Linux私房菜 is a book suitable for freshman in GNU/Linux.
vim provides more improvements comparing with vi. But these improvements are disabled by default. Therefore, you should enable them first. You can append the following content at the end of /etc/vim/vimrc. To enable this settings, exit and run vim again. Note that contents after a double quotation mark " are comments, and you do not need to include them in /etc/vim/vimrc.
setlocal noswapfile " 不要生成swap文件
set bufhidden=hide " 当buffer被丢弃的时候隐藏它
set nocompatible " 关闭 vi 兼容模式
syntax on " 自动语法高亮
colorscheme evening " 设定配色方案
set number " 显示行号
set cursorline " 突出显示当前行
set ruler " 打开状态栏标尺
set shiftwidth=4 " 设定 << 和 >> 命令移动时的宽度为 4
set softtabstop=4 " 使得按退格键时可以一次删掉 4 个空格
set tabstop=4 " 设定 tab 长度为 4
set nobackup " 覆盖文件时不备份
set autochdir " 自动切换当前目录为当前文件所在的目录
filetype plugin indent on " 开启插件
set backupcopy=yes " 设置备份时的行为为覆盖
set ignorecase smartcase " 搜索时忽略大小写，但在有一个或以上大写字母时仍保持对大小写敏感
set incsearch " 输入搜索内容时就显示搜索结果
set hlsearch " 搜索时高亮显示被找到的文本
set noerrorbells " 关闭错误信息响铃
set novisualbell " 关闭使用可视响铃代替呼叫
set t_vb= " 置空错误铃声的终端代码
set showmatch " 插入括号时，短暂地跳转到匹配的对应括号
set matchtime=2 " 短暂跳转到匹配括号的时间
set magic " 设置魔术
set hidden " 允许在有未保存的修改时切换缓冲区，此时的修改由 vim 负责保存
set smartindent " 开启新行时使用智能自动缩进
set backspace=indent,eol,start " 不设定在插入状态无法用退格键和 Delete 键删除回车符
set cmdheight=1 " 设定命令行的行数为 1
set laststatus=2 " 显示状态栏 (默认值为 1, 无法显示状态栏)
set statusline=\ %<%F[%1*%M%*%n%R%H]%=\ %y\ %0(%{&fileformat}\ %{&encoding}\ Ln\ %l,\ Col\ %c/%L%) " 设置在状态行显示的信息
set foldenable " 开始折叠
set foldmethod=syntax " 设置语法折叠
set foldcolumn=0 " 设置折叠区域的宽度
setlocal foldlevel=1 " 设置折叠层数为 1
nnoremap <space> @=((foldclosed(line('.')) < 0) ? 'zc' : 'zo')<CR> " 用空格键来开关折叠
If you want to refer different or more settings for vim, please search the Internet. In addition, there are many plug-ins for vim (one of them you may prefer is ctags). They make vim more powerful. Also, please search the Internet for more information about vim plug-ins.
Write a "Hello World" program, compile it, then run it under GNU/Linux. If you do not know what to do, refer to the GNU/Linux tutorial above.
Now, stop here. Here is a small tutorial for GDB. GDB is the most common used debugger under GNU/Linux. If you have not used a debugger yet (even in Visual Studio), blame the 程序设计基础 course first, then blame yourself, and finally, read the tutorial to learn to use GDB.
Read the GDB tutorial above and use GDB following the tutorial. In PA1, you will be asked to implement a simplified version of GDB. If you have not used GDB, you may have no idea to finish PA1.
The most important command in GNU/Linux is man - the on-line manual pager. This is because man can tell you how to use other commands. Here is a small tutorial for man. Remember, learn to use man, learn to use everything. Therefore, if you want to know something about GNU/Linux (such as shell commands, system calls, library functions, device files, configuration files...), RTFM.